Chinese Economic Reform Essays - Chinese Communists,

Chinese Economic Reform Two years after the passing of Mao Zedong in 1976, it got obvious to huge numbers of China's pioneers that monetary change was essential. During his residency as China's chief, Mao had supported social developments, for example, the Extraordinary Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution which had as their bases belief systems, for example, serving the individuals and keeping up the class battle. By 1978 Chinese pioneers were looking for an answer for genuine monetary issues created by Hua Guofeng, the man who had succeeded Mao Zedong as CCP pioneer after Mao's demise (Shirk 35). Hua wanted to proceed with the ideologically based developments of Mao. Tragically, these developments had left China in a state where agribusiness was stale, mechanical creation was low, and the individuals' expectations for everyday comforts had not expanded in twenty years (Nathan 200). This last region was especially disturbing. While the gross yield estimation of industry and horticulture expanded by 810 percent and national salary developed by 420 percent [between 1952 and 1980] ... normal individual salary expanded by just 100 percent (Mama Hong cited in Shirk 28). Be that as it may, endeavors at monetary change in China were acquainted not just due with a liberality on the part of the Chinese Communist Party to expand the masses' expectations for everyday comforts. It had gotten clear to individuals from the CCP that monetary change would satisfy a political reason also since the gathering felt, appropriately it would appear, that it had endured lost help. As Susan L. Avoid depicts the circumstance in The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China, reestablishing the CCP's esteem required improving monetary execution and increasing living expectations. The awful experience of the Cultural Revolution had dissolved well known trust in the good and political excellence of the CCP. The gathering's heads chose to move the base of gathering authenticity from excellence to ability, and to do that they needed to illustrate that they could convey the merchandise. (23) This development from goodness to ability appeared to stamp a genuine takeoff from customary Chinese political hypothesis. Confucius himself had set in the fifth century BCE that those people who best showed what he alluded to as good power should lead the country. Utilizing this standard as a guide, China had for quite a long time endeavored to pick in any event its bureaucratic pioneers by overseeing a test to decide their ethical power. After the Communist takeover of the nation, Mao proceeded with this accentuation on moral power by requesting that Chinese residents show what he alluded to as right awareness. This right awareness could be displayed, Mao accepted, by the way individuals lived. Obviously, that which established right cognizance was frequently decided and evaluated by Mao. By and by, the perfect of good power was as yet a strong one in China much after the Communist takeover. It is vital that Shirk feels that the Chinese Communist Gathering pioneers considered financial to be as an approach to recover their and their gathering's ethical ideals significantly after Mao's passing. In this manner, incomprehensibly, by exhibiting their skill in an increasingly down to earth territory of ability, the pioneers of the CCP felt they could exhibit how they were serving the individuals. Undoubtedly, the push toward monetary change came to fruition thus of a changed residential and global condition, which adjusted the initiative's view of the elements that influence China's national security and social steadiness (Xu 247). In any case, Shirk feels that, in those pre-Tienenmen days, such a move came about likewise because of an endeavor by CCP pioneers to illustrate, in an increasingly pragmatic and along these lines less clearly ideological way than Mao had done, their ethical power. It is not necessarily the case that the possibility of monetary change was grasped excitedly by all individuals from the initiative of the Chinese Socialist Party in 1978. By and large, the issue of monetary change became politicized as the issue was utilized as a methods by Deng Xiaoping to accomplish the initiative of the Chinese Communist Party. Mao's replacement, Hua Guofeng, had attempted to substantiate himself a commendable replacement to Mao by hanging himself in the mantle of Maoist convention. His way to deal with monetary advancement was conventional Maoism with a forward-thinking, universal

Comparing Two Adverts Free Essays

Look at the two adverts The two different adverts I have chosen to dissect comprises of a Rimmel London mascara advert and a veggie lover â€Å"fight the fat† advert. I will talk about in detail the reason for each advert, the design, Language and crowd among numerous different characteristics these two adverts comprise of. The reason for Rimmel Londons advert is to illuminate females who are explicitly keen on mascara of the Rimmel Londons â€Å"NEW EXTREAME BLACK MAGNIF’EYES MASCARA†. We will compose a custom paper test on Looking at Two Adverts or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now In doing so this advert is enticing as they might want their item to be purchased. In examination, the second advert annualized, is a good dieting association. This PETA. organization. UK advert is being utilized so as to convince grown-ups (somebody other than a â€Å"child†) not to take care of youngsters meat as it â€Å"is kid abuse†. In addition this advert is being utilized to promote the association supporting this guarantee and educate the crowd regarding their web address. The goal to Peta. organization. uk is to hinder youngsters from eating meat and impart the possibility that meat has an outcome on a child’s wellbeing and grown-up ought not take care of them it as they are causing them hurt. In like manner, Women matured among eighteen or more are the focused on crowd for Rimmel London’s item. I am given this impression as Kate Moss; a fruitful ‘cool’ style and excellence symbol (numerous men love and ladies turn upward to) is the model being utilized to show and advance this item. This is a favorable position as it would support Rimmel London’s deals because of the way that numerous ladies would buy this item happy with Kate’s inclusion and essentially so as to feel wonderful, as Kate greenery and model material. Similarly as with the Peta association commercial, the crowd this advert is being exposed to is everybody, in spite of the fact that it is for the most part for anybody other than a â€Å"child† yet basic for guardians. This advert utilizes the burger which is a typical undesirable food yet most loved to a few, to pull in the consideration of their crowd, everybody. In any case, a wide peered toward fat kid anxious to expend the burger is being utilized so as to draw in the consideration of other kids and guardians. This picture alongside the adverts heading is extremely amusing and would stun guardians most importantly as the youngster in the picture is eating a substance which is â€Å"abusing† them. â€Å"Feeding kid’s meat† isn't frequently identified with â€Å"child abuse† in spite of the fact that guardians will identify with the picture enormously for they would look at their kid/youngsters to the kid crossing the ine of grim corpulence in the image. Famous Rimmel London mascara advert utilizes a wide scope of powerful procedures so as to help the deals of their item. Such strategies incorporate measurements, as the advert states â€Å"70% MORE VERTICAL LASHESâ⠂¬ . This announcement is an enormous case and perusers would be amazingly interested by it, besides it is created in capital letters so as to assemble the reader’s consideration and praise its furthest point, likewise with different articulations in this advert. The name where the item is marked with plays with words shrewdly, giving the feeling that who ever buys this item will quickly have eminent eyes â€Å"MAGNIF’EYES† this smart combination also energizes the â€Å"BREAK THROUGH EYE MAGNIFIER BRUSH† Rimmel London have accomplished. Standard English is the language utilized in the two adverts, anyway the announcement â€Å"Feeding kids meat is kid abuse† is written in actually and not sentiment. Thusly, this misdirects perusers alongside being extremely dubious, as very few would concur with it. But at this point numerous perusers (guardians) are educated regarding the negative conclusions with respect to meat, it is there commitment to inquire about this case and see if or not they are mishandling kids (their youngster). As this advert advances smart dieting â€Å"FIGHT THE FAT† is a piece of this advert motto. This announcement isn't just similar sounding word usage yet in addition a portrayal of the sort of food they are empowering, vegetables. The utilization of similar sounding word usage helps the circumstance yet â€Å"GO VEG† gives the impression of a dissent which depicts the assurance and earnestness of the circumstance. â€Å"BLACK ON BLACK† again is the heading and case of similar sounding word usage utilized in Rimmel Londons Mascara advert. This expression isn't just used to depict the outrageous shade of the mascara yet in addition used to portray shared brutality between the African races, thus the utilization of this expression could deceive a speedy peruser of African legacy as it identifies with them, and therefor this advert would get the consideration of a more extensive crowd. The selection of descriptive words and things are to the best quality. An impression of a new item is the thing that I am given when I am given the word â€Å"NEW EXTREAME†. The Audience would feel respected to purchase an item which is so later and exceedingly extraordinary in degree. â€Å"Outstanding lash lift† the utilization of this descriptor denotes the greatness wherein this mascara lifts your eye lashes. By buying this item, ladies would accept that their eyelashes would reach out as long as Kate’s (in the advert) while applying the ascara; in spite of the fact that the image has been altered by Photoshop and is in truth not her genuine eyelashes. â€Å"DOUBLE HIT† additionally demonstrates to the crowd that they are buying two out of one; the mascara doesn't just accomplish length, yet in addition volume causing the crowd to feel advantaged enough to buy this item. Thus the â€Å"BREAKTHROUGH EYE MAGNIFIER BRUSH† gives the feeling that so as to make this item Rimmel London have beaten a limitation and have thus made progress which will permit their further advancement. The composing is put plainly with limit of two lines at the base of the page in safeguard Kate Moss’s face isn't covered up and make the perusing simpler for perusers. With respect to the smart dieting advert white is the picked foundation shading given. In doing so the audience’s complete consideration is coordinated to the composing making the foundation not in the slightest degree an interruption however complimentary to the composition. An enormous text dimension is utilized all together for perusers from the outset to peruse the announcement. Two text dimensions are utilized in this include one littler than the other. The common hues utilized are red, blue and green so as to depict the constitution in the subject. The site is featured with the goal for it all things considered and succinct for the crowd so as to get in contact with the association. Anyway the ladylike utilization of the shading red (both out of sight and textual style) not just stands out for them of the Rimmel Londons crowd, yet additionally lays everything out and feel of this mascara making it an overpoweringly, female and lewd article each lady should possess and not be without. The Black hover utilized out of sight of Kate likewise gives a spellbinding impact to all together the crowd to be given the feeling that once this mascara is applied everybody will be entranced. The amplified picture of the mascara brush gives the crowd a logical point of view into how minuet the brush bristles are making them considerably increasingly wondrous. The Small text dimension is unexpected as it supplements the mascaras objective, though the utilization of white textual style is provided so as to make the perusing basic for the crowd and is likewise used to feature â€Å"Rimmel† to give familiarity with the mascara brand. Taking everything into account the two adverts investigated differentiate extraordinarily, factors including the measure of structure (Rimmel more than Peta), reason for each advert, crowd which the two adverts are focused on close by a lot increasingly significant variables, in spite of the fact that the two adverts fit under the classification of wellbeing and magnificence. As I would like to think the two adverts where for sure right by they way they conveyed to their goal to the picked crowd making both as effective as one another. The most effective method to refer to Comparing Two Adverts, Papers

How to Start Meditating

How to Start Meditating Meditation Can Help With Homework and Productivity Meditation Can Help With Homework and Productivity You don’t have to be a yoga master to be able to reap the benefits of meditation. When you’re feeling overwhelmed by the demands of your busy life, meditation can be the resolution you need. Not only can it help with homework production and de-stressing, but it can also help you handle your extracurricular activities and your social life. A Beginner’s Guide to Meditation Getting into meditating can seem hard when you see those yoga experts twisting themselves into complicated positions and zoning out to their happy place. But the truth is it’s much less complicated than that. It’s also so important for your overall well-being. A study done by researchers at the University of California found that meditation has amazing long-term benefits on the brain, and it can even help you age better. Here is everything you need to know to get started and find your inner peace. Start by Meditating For 10 Minutes a Day Carve out 10 minutes every day to meditate. You don’t need to sit there for an hour and try to force yourself to relax, because that won’t work. It’s also really hard to learn how to cut out distractions and avoid thinking about other things, so 10 minutes a day is a great way to start. This isn’t a long time, so it won’t be too hard to work into your schedule. Use a timer on your phone to make sure that you reach your 10 minute mark. Set Out a Quiet Space Meditation works when you have a quiet spot to do it. You need to be able to break away from the distractions of life and focus on the act of meditating. Don’t try to meditate in the middle of your living room, especially if you have roommates who could come in and out at any time. Find a quiet room, shut the door, and cut yourself off from life for that 10 minute block. Focus on Your Breathing Meditation works by focusing on your breathing and turning your brain off to everything else. Don’t think about anything else except the patterns of your breath coming in and out. Close your mouth and breathe through your nose. The minute you find yourself thinking about other things, do everything you can to get back to your breathing. De-Stress With The Help of an Academic Writer From Homework Help Canada Meditation can help to boost your productivity, which means your essays and assignments will become stronger. But before you get to that point, you might want to consider getting some help. At Homework Help Canada, our academic writers are ready to help you with your assignments and provide you with custom essay writing services. Focus on what matters and de-stress by letting us handle your tough assignments. Order now and let us take care of the hard work. References: Luders, Eileen, Cherubin, Nicholas, and Kurth, Florian. “Forever Young(er): Potential Age-Defying Effects of Long-Term Meditation on Gray Matter Atrophy.” Frontiers in Psychology (21 Jan. 2015). Accessed 10 Feb. 2017. full. How to Start Meditating Meditation Can Help With Homework and Productivity Meditation Can Help With Homework and Productivity You don’t have to be a yoga master to be able to reap the benefits of meditation. When you’re feeling overwhelmed by the demands of your busy life, meditation can be the resolution you need. Not only can it help with homework production and de-stressing, but it can also help you handle your extracurricular activities and your social life. A Beginner’s Guide to Meditation Getting into meditating can seem hard when you see those yoga experts twisting themselves into complicated positions and zoning out to their happy place. But the truth is it’s much less complicated than that. It’s also so important for your overall well-being. A study done by researchers at the University of California found that meditation has amazing long-term benefits on the brain, and it can even help you age better. Here is everything you need to know to get started and find your inner peace. Start by Meditating For 10 Minutes a Day Carve out 10 minutes every day to meditate. You don’t need to sit there for an hour and try to force yourself to relax, because that won’t work. It’s also really hard to learn how to cut out distractions and avoid thinking about other things, so 10 minutes a day is a great way to start. This isn’t a long time, so it won’t be too hard to work into your schedule. Use a timer on your phone to make sure that you reach your 10 minute mark. Set Out a Quiet Space Meditation works when you have a quiet spot to do it. You need to be able to break away from the distractions of life and focus on the act of meditating. Don’t try to meditate in the middle of your living room, especially if you have roommates who could come in and out at any time. Find a quiet room, shut the door, and cut yourself off from life for that 10 minute block. Focus on Your Breathing Meditation works by focusing on your breathing and turning your brain off to everything else. Don’t think about anything else except the patterns of your breath coming in and out. Close your mouth and breathe through your nose. The minute you find yourself thinking about other things, do everything you can to get back to your breathing. De-Stress With The Help of an Academic Writer From Homework Help USA Meditation can help to boost your productivity, which means your essays and assignments will become stronger. But before you get to that point, you might want to consider getting some help. At Homework Help USA, our academic writers are ready to help you with your assignments and provide you with custom essay writing services. Focus on what matters and de-stress by letting us handle your tough assignments. Order now and let us take care of the hard work. References: Luders, Eileen, Cherubin, Nicholas, and Kurth, Florian. “Forever Young(er): Potential Age-Defying Effects of Long-Term Meditation on Gray Matter Atrophy.” Frontiers in Psychology (21 Jan. 2015). Accessed 10 Feb. 2017. full.

The Effects Of Human Activities On The Health Of An Ecosystem

Within a healthy ecosystem, animals, along with humans, receive essential benefits or ecosystem services. However, human activities can drive this balance in a negative direction. Although we appreciate these services given from an ecosystem, like the produce made from the flowers, an increase of human activities can impact the health of an ecosystem. We interfere with the balance of ecosystems when we release pesticides on our crops in hopes of protecting them from unwanted pests. The pesticides harm helpful insects like bees. When the there are no bees present to pollinate the flowers of fruits, it will be hard for fruits to grow. Not only will this hurt the production of fruit and our consumption, but it will also affect other organisms like birds that eat those fruits. The impacts of Human activities can be either a good or bad thing depending if regulations are in place to control our effects and reducing damages. Lack of conservation or management practices could result in peop le to believe deforestation, dumping, and waste does not have an impact to our planet. To reverse this belief that consumption and waste production is not a problem, we need to show people the incentives that come with being green. Many companies have sold their products this way to make us believe we are doing a good thing. By using our reason of belonging, we would need to come up with a way that involves enhancing ourselves while not hurting our income. From studies done, it can be seen thatShow MoreRelatedExtinction Risks for Coral Reefs Essay example1249 Words   |  5 PagesCoral reef ecosystems around the globe are threatened by human interferences and climate change. This has led to many scientists conducting studies on global coral reef ecosystems to gain a better understanding of the cause and effects of coral reef damage. In both Hodgson’s (1999) and Carpenter et al.’s (2008) studies, they are aware of the continuous degradation of global coral reef ecosyst ems. Hodgsons study involved conducting a survey on global coral reef ecosystems to see whether human actionsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pageslegal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating many diseases and its role to help boost the economy? Marijuana (cannabis) is a greenish-grayRead MoreImpact Of Biodiversity On The Environment1267 Words   |  6 Pageswere being lost at rapid rates from ecosystems. It is known that all organisms play important roles within their ecosystems being that organisms interact with their ecosystem through feedback mechanisms (Cardinale, B. J., et al., 2012). If biodiversity is diminishing then food webs and ecosystems will also be disrupted. In humanity, Health cannot be sustained without a viable environment (Yassi, A., 2001). The primary cause of biodiversity loss is human activity. Any type of anthropogenic action doneRead MoreThe Importance of Maintaining Marine Environment1882 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic activity associated with fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, renewable energy and recreational activities. Marine ecosystems are a major source of biodiversity and a focal point for biogeochemical cycling. Regular contact with the natural environment results in increased physical activity and therefore fitness, reduced levels of stress, stronger communities, increased awareness of importance of natural environment. Oceans and seas are source of natural resources and are a magnet for human habitationRead MoreThe Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ( Mea )869 Words   |  4 PagesECOSYSTEM SERVICES. Ecosystem services express the value of natural system to human beings. The environment is our life support system and provides services to humans such as water, producing air, food, energy and freshwater that sustains wildlife and creating employment and income for the people .TEEB (2010). Ecosystem services bring multiple gains to humans either directly and indirectly from these ecological systems and in relation to services pertaining to food provision, water regulation andRead MoreThe Yaak Valley Of Northern Montana1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yaak Valley of northern Montana is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the continental United States. It has cores of roadless wilderness that have been untouched by human activity and I believe that they should remain as such. The biodiverse ecosystem of the Yaak Valley benefits its human and non-human inhabitants and we should protect it from the detrimental effects of human activities, especially the violent changes caused by larg e timber companies and their practice of clear-cut loggingRead MoreEnvironmental Factors Affecting Human Related Activities1609 Words   |  7 Pagesby human related activities. They can also thrive off environmental factors, like global warming, and they can thrive off of natural factors like droughts. Most are cyanobacteria, that can be both non-toxic and toxic, but either one can have a huge impact on the ecosystem around them. For the past few decades, harmful algal blooms or HABs have been causing major issues to not only the aquatic life that lives in the water, but also to the land animals that live near the water, including humans. TheseRead MoreThe Impact of Global Warming and Desertification on the Nigerian Ecosystem1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Global warming and Desertification on the Nigerian Ecosystem SEN 406 Technical Report Writing Submitted By:- Tabansi Anthony Uchenna A00011635. Prepared For:- Dr. ArthurRead MoreAll Organisms Depend on Their Environment646 Words   |  3 Pagesthat are considered to be of a good health are beneficial for a sustainable ecosystem. Environmental health directly affects ecosystems functioning and human health. Unfortunately the health of many environments within South Africa has deteriorated as a result of immense increases in environmental pollution. Pollution causes adverse changes to natural environments, by changing the natural biogeochemical cycles. Most environmental pollutants are a result of human doings and should be recognized andRead More Essay on Global Warming: The Effects of Climate Change1410 Words   |  6 Pagesto human activity. It is also caused by accumulation of greenhouse effects (Arrhenius, 1896). Should we as humans let this problem worsen? Climate change will affect everything including humans, flora and fauna, and the environment. One of the effects of climate change is how it will affect the people. Climate change will have a huge impact on the people’s health. The health of the people will be affected mostly by air pollution and respiratory problems will have the greatest risk of health effects

What Was the Charge Against Socrates

Socrates  (469–399 BCE) was a great Greek philosopher, the source of the Socratic Method, and known for his sayings about knowing nothing and that the unexamined life is not worth living. Socrates is not believed to have written any books. What we understand of his philosophy comes from the writings of his contemporaries, including his pupil Plato, who showed Socrates’ method of instruction in his dialogues. In addition to the content of his teaching, Socrates is also best known for drinking a cup of poison hemlock. This was how the Athenians carried out a death sentence for a capital offense. Why did the Athenians want their great thinker Socrates to die? There are three main contemporary Greek sources on Socrates, his pupils Plato and Xenophon, and the comic playwright Aristophanes. From them, we know that Socrates was accused of impiety against the traditional Greek religion, of acting (as a member of the Popular Assembly) against the will of the people, of speaking against the democratic idea of elections, and of corrupting the young to his own beliefs. Aristophanes (450–ca 386 BCE)   De Agostini / Biblioteca Ambrosiana / Getty Images The comic playwright Aristophanes was a contemporary of Socrates, and he addressed some of Socrates issues in his play The Clouds, which was staged only once in 423 BCE and 24 years before the execution. In The Clouds, Socrates is portrayed as a remote, haughty teacher who turned away from the state-supported Greek religion to worship private deities of his own device. In the play, Socrates runs a school, called the Thinking Institute, that teaches those subversive ideas to young men.   At the end of the play, Socrates school is burned to the ground. Most of Aristophanes plays were the satirical puncturing of the Athenian elite: Euripides, Cleon, and Socrates were his main targets. British classicist Stephen Halliwell (born in 1953) suggests that The Cloud was a blend of fantasy and satire that offered a ludicrously distorted image of Socrates and his school. Plato (429–347 BCE)   markara / Getty Images The Greek philosopher Plato was one of Socrates star pupils, and his evidence against Socrates is given in the essay The Apology of Socrates, which includes a dialogue that Socrates presented at his trial for impiety and corruption. The Apology is one of four dialogues written about this most-famous trial and its aftermath—the others are  Euthyphro, Phaedo, and Crito. At his trial, Socrates was accused of two things: impiety (asebeia) against Athens gods by introducing new gods and the corruption of Athenian youth by teaching them to question the status quo. He was accused of impiety specifically because the Oracle at Delphi said there was no wiser man in Athens then Socrates, and Socrates knew he was not wise. After hearing that, he questioned every man he met to find a wiser man than he. The corruption charge, said Socrates in his defense, was because by questioning people in public, he embarrassed them, and they, in turn, accused him of corrupting the youth of Athens by the use of sophistry. Xenophon (430–404 BCE) MrPanyGoff/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0 In his Memorabilia, a collection of Socratic dialogues completed after 371 BCE, Xenophon— philosopher, historian, soldier, and a student of Socrates—examined the charges against him. Socrates is guilty of crime in refusing to recognise the gods acknowledged by the state, and importing strange divinities of his own; he is further guilty of corrupting the young. In addition, Xenophon reports that while acting as president of the popular assembly, Socrates followed his own principles instead of the will of the people. The boule was the council whose job entailed providing an agenda for the ekklesia, the citizen assembly. If the boule didnt provide an item on the agenda, the ekklesia couldnt act on it; but if they did, the ekklesia was supposed to address it. At one time Socrates was a member of the Council [boule], he had taken the senatorial oath, and sworn as a member of that house to act in conformity with the laws. It was thus he chanced to be President of the Popular Assembly [ekklesia], when that body was seized with a desire to put the nine generals, Thrasyllus, Erasinides, and the rest, to death by a single inclusive vote. Whereupon, in spite of the bitter resentment of the people, and the menaces of several influential citizens, [Socrates] refused to put the question, esteeming it of greater importance faithfully to abide by the oath which he had taken, than to gratify the people wrongfully, or to screen himself from the menaces of the mighty. Socrates, said Xenophon, also disagreed with the citizenry who imagined that the gods are not all-knowing. Instead, Socrates thought the gods were omniscient, that the gods were aware of all the things that are said and done, and even things thought about by humans. A critical element that led to Socrates death was his criminal heresy. Said Xenophon: The fact being, that with regard to the care bestowed by the gods upon men, his belief differed widely from that of the multitude. Corrupting the Youth of Athens Finally, by corrupting the young, Socrates was accused of encouraging his students down the path he had chosen—in particular, the one that led him into trouble with the radical democracy of the time, Socrates believed that the ballot box was a stupid way to elect representatives. Xenophon explains: Socrates cause[d] his associates to despise the established laws when he dwelt on the folly of appointing state officers by ballot: a principle which, he said, no one would care to apply in selecting a pilot or a flute-player or in any similar case, where a mistake would be far less disastrous than in matters political. Words like these, according to the accuser, tended to incite the young to contemn the established constitution, rendering them violent and headstrong. Sources Aristophanes. Clouds. Johnston, Ian, translator. Vancouver Island University (2008).  Halliwell, Stephen. Did Comedy Kill Socrates? OUPblog, December 22, 2015.  Plato. Apology. Trans: Jowett, Benjamin. Project Gutenberg (2013)Xenophon. The Memorabilia: Recollections of Socrates. Trans. Dakyns, Henry Graham. 1890-1909. Project Gutenberg (2013).

Battle Royal, By Ralph Ellison - 963 Words

Battle Royal Interpretive Essay Battle Royal is a short story that metaphorically address many such issues such as racial discrimination. The Author, Ralph Ellison, uses symbolism such as blindness and the concept of initiation to compare the world to a real life battlefield. Ellison intended to emphasize, both passive and aggressive elements of battle is necessary to achieve the American Dream. There is much symbolism used in the story. The protagonist’s grandfather is a symbol in himself. As an elder, his grandfather symbolizes wisdom and knowledge. His dying words being â€Å"Life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days, a spy in my enemy’s country ever since I gave up my gun back in the reconstruction†. In that exert, the war is racial discrimination vs the desire to live the American dream. The enemy is the white man and his country is America. He refers to himself as a traitor because of the parts of himself and his pride he had to sacrifice to â€Å"overcome ‘em with yeses, Undermine ‘em with grins.†. His grandfather was expressing to his family that in order to make it in the white man’s world they would have to live by their terms and conditions, but with an agenda of their own. To have to last laugh by being successful when the smoke clears. During the battle royal, men called the protagonist â€Å"boy† which is a racial slur. It implies he is less than a man. He refers to himself as an â€Å"invisible man† because he has a side of himself that, not only no oneShow MoreRelatedBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison989 Words   |  4 PagesIt is undeniable that the short story by Ralph Ellison entitled â€Å"Battle Royal† is an intense one. It would be hard to walk away from reading his story without feeling some kind of emotion whether it be pain, sadness, fear, anger, or all of the above. This story portrays a black man, the invisible man, in the time when racism is still running rampant. He uses symbolism many times in order to portray meaning and delve deep into the mind and emotions of the main character, a black man. In the storyRead MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe short story Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison is a disturbing story about the conflicts between the black and white cultures and the main character and himself. In the story the conflicts between the two cultures had a definite impact on how the main character saw himself and caused the conflicts within himself. Battle Royal deals with racism and the suppression of the African American race and how it effected the actions of that culture. The main character of the story is an African AmericanRead MoreBattle Royal, By Ralph Ellison969 Words   |  4 PagesThe struggles of many black is should never be described lightly. Many african americans were treated like animals and never was given the respected deserved. In the story, Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison, a young African American man is trying to fit into white society that holds majority of blacks back. During the beginning, the narrator is bewildered by his grandfather s last words. His grandfather spoke out about being a traitor in front of his family. The family was confused and concernedRead MoreEssay Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison1341 Words   |  6 PagesEllison’s Powerful Battle Royal      Ã‚   I felt a wave of irrational guilt and fear. My teeth chattered, my skin turned to goose flesh, my knees knocked. Yet I was strongly attracted and looked in spite of myself. Had the price of looking been blindness, I would have looked. (Ellison 939)    These insightful words written by Ralph Ellison in the powerful short story Battle Royal, which later became the first chapter in the critically acclaimed novel Invisible Man, convey the repressedRead MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison Analysis1089 Words   |  5 Pagesfactor though. Nobility has always looked down upon those without royal blood, and rich people have always looked down upon poor people. These factors are all present in Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison. In order to highlight the virulent relationship between the white men and black men in Battle Royal, Ralph Ellison focuses on a separation of class by way of race, wealth, and social standing. Because of racism, the main character (Ellison) in the story, along with his fellow African Americans, are treatedRead MoreRalph Ellison s Battle Royal985 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal†, is nerving, historical, and suspenseful. Ralph Ellison describes the events about how the young narrator goes to a meeting of city men and thinks he would be giving the speech of a lifetime. Although he does get to give his speech at the end of the night, the narrator goes through hell to get what he would like to achieve. Ellison has the narrator go through what mirrors to be what the African-American community in the twentieth century is shaping to be. Through theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1383 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison Life is full of obstacles, but no matter what it is we must struggle for survival. In the short story â€Å"The Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison, the narrator talks about the clash between the African-American and white and the segregation issues. It features a young black man who has recently graduated from high school, and he is invited to give a speech to a group white gathering. While delivering the speechRead MoreAnalysis Of Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1508 Words   |  7 PagesUnrelenting Perseverance Ralph Ellison’s excerpt â€Å"Battle Royal† from his novel â€Å"Invisible Man† reveals the African American’s struggle for social equality. It was written during the Cold War and Civil Rights movement and made an impact in the literature world and won an award. Ellison never provides a name for the narrator who refers to himself as the invisible man. The story begins with the narrator’s grandfather on his death bed instructing on how to deal with white people. The narrator felt thisRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Battle Royal `` By Ralph Ellison1405 Words   |  6 Pagesleads people to misunderstand what segregation truly did. Karen and Barbara Fields are two sisters who wrote Racecraft together to discuss serious racial issues of the past, present, and future. These issues are present in â€Å"Battle Royal†, a short story written by Ralph Ellison. A major theme in this story is the differentiation of class. White men seem to live the life and are able to obtain whatever they desire; the black teenagers in the story are set up to brawl each other to entertain the whiteRead MoreEssay on Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison728 Words   |  3 Pages Triumphing Over Challenges The story â€Å"Battle Royal†, by Ralph Ellison is about a young black man who has to overcome racial inequalities. The story opens with his grandfather dying words and leaving the family with words that stick with the main character for life. The main character, whose name in not mentioned, is very intelligent and because of this the prominent white businessmen ask him to give a speech at a hotel. Upon his arrival, the white men put him through many humiliating acts for

Customer Business Relationship Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Customer Business Relationship Management. Answer: Introduction The aspect of customer relationship management is an essential tool in any business organization which entails meeting their expectations and preferences. This calls for a need for any organization to build a static relationship with clients to enhance delivery of quality services. This paper features the impact of customer relationship in the 4 Pines Brewing Company which is a microbrewery established about a decade ago with the aim to produce exceptional beer and has featured customer prospecting, customer understanding, and customer loyalty. Identification of sustainability initiatives their authenticity. What sustainability initiatives have been implemented by the case organization? The company has implemented customer prospecting which entails pursuing, discovering and enticing new customers. It has various ways of doing this including introducing friends and relatives to have a free taste of the exceptional beer which allows deeper interaction with the customers. Establishment of other brewpubs has also seen a wide range of consumers experience the feeling of a unique beer. This has opened greater chances of the growth of the company which is becoming very competitive in the brewing industry (Top of FormCohenfirst, 2015). The 4 Pines has also come up with means of understanding the customer needs and striving to meet them in the best ways possible. The managers seek to identify what the clients desire and ensure the highest quality beer is sold to them. Most people seemed to enjoy the exceptional beer produced which has seen the company increase its sales volume hence earning a big market share due to the customer satisfaction. Building the environmental and social responsibility has also been another stronghold of the company which involves building and retaining good customer relationships leading to a recurrent purchase of their products (Solomon, 2012). The employees are encouraged to engage in volunteer work and offering charity aids to the community. They also donate funds which are used to establish other facilities which are beneficial to the community and this has made the customers to have confidence in their products. The company also saves the pines which serve as a means of environmental conservation. Such a move is a sure way that the company will keep on growing as it retains the current customers and increase the purchase of the products offered and the services rendered to them. Authenticity of sustainability initiatives: Are the sustainability initiatives identified in issue one authentic? Consider the extent to which the case organization is being authentic or genuine in their efforts. Although the company strives much to achieve customer prospecting, it tends to take the initiative at the times when the sales appear to be down hence relaxing by not concentrating on obtaining prospects (Top of FormCohenfirst, 2015). This may lead to decrease in the sales if the trend continues hence making it experience stiff competition from the companies which are always on toes to lure customers into buying their products. The company has made great efforts in establishing emotional connections with their customers through setting up a satisfactory strategy. They consider emerging the type of products to offer which they hope to be consistent and inquire of any queries from customers in a timely manner. The 4 Pines Company has also ensured improvement in customer loyalty by increasing their engagement with them through various means such as the app alert and the social media. They have come with pine products which are thought to add greater value to the customers which ensures that the clients are attracted more to the new products offered and this promotes the general relationship. However, the company has not been effective in assisting the customers to identify what frustrates them the most in the brew products so as to help them resolve the matter. This trend has seen many brewing companies lose clients as they feel not given attention and it may place the company in a position of losing the clients if proper actions are not taken to rectify the trend. References Cohenfirst, R. (2015).The authentic sale: A goddess's guide to business. Press. Solomon, M. (2012).High-tech, high-touch customer service: Inspire timeless loyalty in the demanding new world of social commerce. New York: American Management

Scene Analysis from Gone With The Wind

‘Gone with the wind’ is identified as one of the most phenomenal movies of the early 20th century. It was especially categorical in the definition of the movie industry in regard to cultural and historical productions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scene Analysis from Gone With The Wind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Being one of the best works of producer David O. Selznick, it is identified as a historical piece of art work that has managed to survive through the decades and still maintain its viability. Its fame has grown over the years to a point where it is used as a point of reference by modern film scholars and other stakeholders in the industry (Mitchell and Conroy 7). This paper seeks to analyze the famous â€Å"Frankly dear, I don’t give a damn† scene from the movie ‘Gone With The Wind’ that was released in 1939, in a bid to understand the setting of the scene as well as the producer’s motives and success when making it. The particular ‘I don’t give a damn’ scene is set in a lavish setting where affluence is identified as a matter of necessity. This is negated by the whole premise of the film as neediness is portrayed to emanate from companionship rather than affluence. This scene depicts the capturing of hope in a picture that captivates the viewer to a point where he or she accepts the spectacular moments even before trying to understand them. A number of movie critics, scholars and authors have tried to explain this particular aspect through their examination of the societal trends throughout history. The movie expresses a buildup of romance in a volatile period where the particular affluence of individuals didn’t matter much (Boyer, Clark, Kett and Salisbury 483). The particular characters played by Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh captivate the viewer to a point where one is forced to stop thinking and j ust marvel at the pictures though the story.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the viewer may be aware of the historical events during the time that the movie is set in, there is very little in the public domain that explores the societal position on an individual level. The political events of the time are identified to thrive on a backdrop of rich social activity and domestic turbulence. The cinematic display of romance in this movie is exceptional and has been pointed out as the basis of the success of the movie at a time when Hollywood was just defining itself. The realism of the movie in general, lies in the fact that it is a story about the real lives of individuals in a historical period that most viewer are aware of even if most may not have experienced it. The fact that the director of the film was able to eliminate intimations of self-deception makes the film even m ore real to a point where it provokes empathetic feelings in the viewer in the shower of romance. The scene is set in a domestic setting where Scarlet O’Hara portrays the deep hope in a romance that may be deemed dead (Mitchell and Conroy 271). The lying at the foot of the staircase depicts the helplessness that she suffers even with her strong character as an actualized woman. The humbleness of romance is identified to brush off of her while her lover portrays a rough scorned lover who has no belief in the romance that she has so much hope in. This hope is a contrast to the societal position during a time of political turbulence and inevitable warfare. The producer of the film succeeds in highlighting the social challenges faced by individual who try to build romantic relationships in a domestic setting through the use of realistic real life constructs. The scene tends to strip romance to its basic tenets where the affluence as well as political situation of a society has no thing to do with the orientation of different genders in regard to romance and relationships.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scene Analysis from Gone With The Wind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It gives the viewer an idea of an actualized society in the early 20th century and the particular worries of such a society in regard to the different genders. This actualization is not only based on the characters’ social standing, but also their personal aspects. While the premise of the film may be based on romance and its thriving in an affluent society, the film tends to negate this premise until the end. Critics have identified it as the birth of feminism where Scarlet rejects her admirer for a huge part of the film even though his intentions are clearly identified through his modest actions towards her. In the last scene, when the gentleman has given up all hope of a reasonable relationship the lady give s in only to find out that it is too late. The relationship between affluence and feminism in a situation where actualization is strong is used to identify the conflict between self-awareness and basic human tendencies that constitutes their humanity. The producer builds up a lot of pressure through his use of suspense only to kill it through an unfortunate end where Scarlet gets rejected by her admirer (Boyer, Clark, Kett and Salisbury 76). The use of music in the different scenes is quite articulate as it smoothly transfers the viewer’s feelings and moods from one setting to another, despite the conflict between the different scenes. This ensures that the story flows smoothly, which ensures the success of the production. This also domesticates the scenes to a point where the viewer is able to connect and associate his or her personal life with that of the characters in the movie (Mitchell and Conroy 524). The producer manages to cascade the scenes in a progressive style whi le still providing room for soliloquies and flashbacks. In the particular ‘I don’t give a damn’ scene, there is the inclusion of recollections from Scarlet’s father that reassure her of a positive future with her object of desire even though he had just rejected her.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is identified as a point of weakness for the strong feminism that the film builds up in the previous scenes (Boyer, Clark, Kett and Salisbury 347). The poetic acts serve to emphasize the romance that exists in the domestic setting where external aspects of society seem to be blocked out to enhance the feelings of the characters. The world that is constructed around the characters has been identified to emphasize the timelessness of the movie even though it is built around a historical setting. This also emphasizes the timelessness of romance and this has been reiterated by modern film critics who identify it as the motivation behind the film’s success even in the modern world of film. Despite the fact that historical premise is boundless, the producer still manages to limit the storyline to a domestic context with a number of influences from the society. Works Cited Boyer, Paul, Clark Clifford, Kett Joseph and Salisbury Neal. The enduring vision: a history of the America n people, Volume 2. Upper Saddle River: Cengage Learning. 2007. Print. Mitchell, Margaret, and Conroy, Pat. Gone With the Wind. New York: Simon and Schuster. 2007. Print. This essay on Scene Analysis from Gone With The Wind was written and submitted by user Juliette Munoz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm Essays - British Films

1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm Essays - British Films 1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm The novel, Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is a satire of the Russian Revolution in 1917. This novel takes place in England, on a farm called Manor Farm. The animals on this farm go on a rebellion against Mr Jones, bringing the farm to which the animals renamed it as Animal Farm. However, years later, the farm evolves back to its original name, Manor Farm. Many characters are shown throughout the novel. However, one major character who changed in the novel is Napoleon. Changes in Napoleon help us understand that if an individual is given too much power, they will abuse that power and become greedy and self-centered. At the very start of the novel, we can see Napoleon as a fair and equal member of the farm, who believed in animalism but soon changes into a selfish and lazy character. This can be shown through Napoleon stealing the milk, chasing Snowball away and killing Boxer. The first change we see in Napoleon is when he steals the milk. This is when the animals go out to work in the fields without Napoleon. Before the animals leave, they worry about the milk they have just collected. Napoleon tells the animals to not worry about the milk so the animals leave. However, When they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. This implies that Napoleon has drunk the milk. This shows a change as we can see Napoleon is not working and does not share the milk equally with the farm animals. This change helps us understand the character Napoleon, as he is starting to become greedy and betray the spirits of animalism for his own personal gains. George Orwell uses this example to show how humans can be greedy and betray other people for their own personal gains too. This emphasises that, in the society we live in today, equality can never work out. This is an allusion to the 1917 Russian Revolution, where Stalin, who believed in communism craved for power and became dictator of Russia. Therefore, by stealing the milk we can understand Napoleon slowly changing from the good to bad. The second change we see in Napoleon is when he chases Snowball away from the farm. This happens when Snowball holds a meeting deciding whether they should start building the windmill or not. Napoleon disagrees and says it is nonsense. However, Snowball explains that life can be much easier with the windmill when, nine enormous dogs came bounding into the barndashing straight for Snowball. From here, we know that Napoleon is trying to get rid of Snowball. This shows a change as we can see Napoleon, who was equal and fair, suddenly gets rid of Snowball. This change in Napoleon helps us understand that Napoleon does not allow any opposition and that he is willing to betray others to maintain his control, which soon leads to dictatorship happening in the farm. George Orwell uses this example to show how humans can change, betray and get rid of others in order to gain power, by using force. This is an allusion of Stalin sending Trotsky into exile in 1929, because he had a large amount of supporters, including the Bolsheviks. Therefore by Napoleon using force against his opposition, we can understand that Napoleon is changing. The final change we see in Napoleon is when he chooses to kill Boxer. Animals on the farm are required to retire when they reach the age of about 12, so they can die naturally. Boxer, who is a hard-working horse, soon falls ill and reaches to the point where he cannot work anymore. However, instead of dying naturally, Napoleon and Squealer arrange plans to send Boxer over to the slaughterhouse. We can see that Napoleon is mistreating the animals to satisfy his own personal gains. This is shown when the animals say, from somewhere or other the pigs had acquired the money to buy themselves another case of whiskey. From here, we can tell that Napoleon had sent Boxer away for money. This shows a change, as Napoleon who was a fair and equal believer in animalism to a selfish and greedy animal soon

Final Exam American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Exam American Government - Essay Example ing abortion, and his wanting to rescind job protection for medical professionals refusing to take part in abortions, may be the driving force pushing more people to the right side of this debate. Explain the â€Å"filibuster† and â€Å"cloture† as used in the United States Senate. What problems do these two practices create? Provide some recent examples. (American Government and Politics, 2009/2010) Filibuster or the use of unlimited debate as a blocking tactic has been around since 1790. Senate rule 22 invoked Cloture which shuts off discussion on a bill. In 1979 it was refined to state that a final vote must take place within 100 hours after cloture has been invoked. The problem these two practices create are prolonged debates ending in forced decision making. I am guessing that our deficit issue, with a deadline of August 2nd, is undergoing these very same practices and I can’t help but wonder if the result will be good for the American people. Gerrymandering was named for Governor of Mass. Elbridge Gerry back in 1812. It refers to the practice of reshaping a district in order to benefit a particular candidate. The original area reshaped was Essex County and when it was done, it looked like a dragon on paper. Painter G. Stuart thought it looked like a dragon and said something about being fit for a salamander and B. Russell, an editor said, â€Å"Better say a Gerrymander†, for E. Gerry the Governor. (American Government and Politics, 2009/2010) I think that the biggest consequence of â€Å"gerrymandering† would be the manipulation of our voting public. It isn’t fair or ethical to be able to hedge your boundaries one way or another to suit your needs and secure a victory. Not that politics is particularly fair or ethical, but it is suppose to be. Isn’t it? Social conservatives fight for the preservation of tradition values. They believe that the federal government should have limited involvement in the affairs of citizens and that the states and local

FARs and Aircraft Dispatch Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FARs and Aircraft Dispatch - Research Paper Example Though they are known by many different names, including flight dispatcher, airline dispatcher, flight superintendent, or even flight controller, the job description essentially remains the same: ensure compliance with all applicable regulations and the pursuit of the highest possible levels of safety (â€Å"Airline dispatcher federation†, 2011). The job of an aircraft dispatcher is covered in the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) in several areas, namely FAR Part 121 and FAR Part 65, both under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (â€Å"Code of federal†, 2010). FAR Part 121 covers Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations, while FAR Part 65 covers Certification and Eligibility Requirements (â€Å"Code of federal†, 2010). Simply put, these sections of the Federal Aviation Regulations ensure that an airline dispatcher has the proper training and certification to do their job, as well as adhering to duty-time requirements w hile on the job, to prevent overtiredness and accidents. These regulations also cover the overall requirement of having enough dispatchers in the dispatch centers to handle all of the flights, so that no one dispatcher feels overwhelmed and unable to do their job. FAR Part 65, Subpart C, completely covers the eligibility and certificate requirements that any person wishing to become an aircraft dispatcher must complete. The requirements include criteria such as an age requirement of 23 years, the ability to speak and understand English, and passing both knowledge and practical tests. These tests must be completed after a certification course that consists of 200 hours of training, though previous experience may be submitted to cover part or all of the hours (â€Å"Code of federal†, 1998). It also plainly states that no person may serve in the capacity of airline dispatcher without said completion certificate, and must present that certificate upon the request of numerous pers onnel (â€Å"Code of federal†, 1998). These regulations enable the airlines to work in conjunction with certified, capable individuals, helping the aircraft dispatcher to do their job by ensuring that they have the proper training and certification to complete it adequately. The safety of numerous passengers flying on the airlines that are the responsibility of the dispatcher are not to be taken lightly, and indeed, the dispatchers pledge to uphold safety as much as the pilots. Therefore, having these training and eligibility requirements help to ensure that the job and what it entails is taken seriously. FAR Part 121, Subpart M: Airmen and Crewmember Requirements, also applies to aircraft dispatchers. FAR  §121.395, in fact, covers dispatch centers, stating that enough qualified dispatchers must be working to ensure proper operational control of aircraft (â€Å"Code of federal†, 2010). Without this regulation, a flight load could easily slip into the chaos of an und erstaffed and overworked dispatch center, causing costly losses of life and aircraft. Given the fact that downsizing has become popular, it is a relief to know that dispatchers are aided by this regulation, as enough of them must be working to reasonably handle a typical daily flight load for an airline. FAR Part 121 does not stop there in covering airline dispatchers. In Subpart P: Aircraft Dispatcher Qualifications and Duty Time,

Risk Management in Business: A Case Study

Risk Management in Business: A Case Study INTRODUCTION SITUATION Every day, there is the chance that some sort of business interruption, crisis, disaster, or emergency will occur. Anything that prevents access to key processes and activities can be defined as a disaster. Companies can experience many different threats to their mission critical systems such as fires, floods, lightning storms and humidity to disgruntled employees, hackers, human error, power failures and viruses. A disaster can happen at any time and it is vital to be prepared in the event that one occurs. NEED To be prepared for a business interruption, the organization must have a carefully crafted and comprehensive plan that describes risks, impacts, and step-by-step recovery strategies for critical business processes in various disaster and emergency scenarios. Without a plan, the team will be flying blind when an interruption occurs. The plan provides the necessary tools to mitigate interruptions and resume operations as quickly as possible, greatly facilitating decision-making and taking action when there is scant time and stress levels are elevated. CHALLENGE Using the information in the risk assessment to create effective recovery strategies for critical processes in all departments, incorporating these strategies into a comprehensive business continuity plan, and encouraging ownership of the plan across the organization, and ultimately, achieving the highest resiliency possible with limited resources. SOLUTION Create the recovery strategies department-by-department, process-by-process. This allows each department to focus on strategies specifically relevant to their critical processes without extraneous information from other departments. Do the same for your business continuity plan, writing smaller plans by department. Also, use a template to document your recovery strategies to ensure process consistency across the organization. Finally, have plans reviewed and approved by department heads and distributed to all employees to encourage ownership and pride in the plan. RESULT Each department in the organization will have a comprehensive action plan for business continuity outlining the steps to take to recover vital processes in various emergency scenarios. All employees will have their own copy of the plan, ready to use immediately when a disruption occurs. Employees will take ownership of the organizations business continuity effort and this effort will be further ingrained in the organizations corporate culture. CHOCOLATE MANUFACTURING COMPANY AN OVERVIEW The Chocolate Company since inception in 1990 has been largely responsible for satisfying the countrys demand for Chocolates and Sugar Confectionery. Situated at Rusayl Industrial Estates in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, the plant has various lines producing a wide range of confectionery like Éclairs, Toffees, Fudges, Caramels, Hard Boiled Candy and Enrobed Chocolates. These products are available in attractive packaging and premium Gift Boxes making them ideal for gifting as well as for own consumption. Most of the packaging in the Gift Pack segment has been carefully selected to ensure its enduring utility, thereby giving our valued customers an added benefit. The confectionery is produced by experienced personnel under stringent quality control and hygiene standards. State-of-the-art manufacturing facilities ensure products of international quality. The company in its relentless pursuit of quality obtained HACCP Certification in April, 2004. The Company, through its uncompromising stand on quality and competitive pricing, has successfully penetrated countries all over the Gulf, the African continent, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa, USA and the UK. The principal business processes involved are Procurement of raw materials and consumables. Production and Quality control. Distribution and marketing. Inventory Management. Pricing and cost control. Feedback from consumers and redressal systems. Publicity and promotional activities. Recruitment and HR. Finance Administration. Corporate communications and public relations. Legal and secretarial matters. Investor relations. Maintenance of equipment and other assets. Capital expenditure for equipment and other purposes. IT systems and telecommunications. Transportation and Logistics. Today, manufacturing sector companies like chocolate manufacturing operates in increasingly complex, competitive and global markets. The ability to manage risks across geographies, products, assets, customer segments and functional departments is of paramount importance. The inability to manage these risks can cause irreparable damages. Chocolate company will always face the likelihood of being impacted by uncertain or adverse future events. These uncertainties will have an impact on a companys ability to generate capital and shareholders returns. The company Board expects that management will not only look at where the company may be exposed to risk, but also how these risks can be managed to influence favorable business outcomes. RISK AND RISK MANAGEMENT Risk Management Methodology followed by the chocolate company The risk management methodology at the chocolate company encompass the scope of risks to be managed, the process/systems and procedures to manage risk and the roles and responsibilities of individuals involved in risk management. The framework is comprehensive enough to capture all risks that the company is exposed to and have flexibility to accommodate any change in business activities. The chocolate companys effective risk management methodology includes Risk Policy framework. Identification of risks. Measurement and Impact Assessment. Management of the risks. Monitoring Reporting and Control. A. Risk Policy Framework The following fundamental principles should be considered by the company to develop and implement a proactive risk management program and help them to identify any potential areas of concern: Acceptance of a risk management framework: A formal risk management framework is needed at this company, to guide the integration of risk management into the companys day to day operations. Corporate governance and risk: At this company,corporate governance is the prime responsibility of the Board of Directors and the General Manager. It combines legal duties with responsibilities to improve and monitor the performance of the company. Establish the risk response strategy: Following the agreement on the risk assessment rankings in all functional departments, management action will need to be taken to reduce the risk levels where they have been deemed unacceptably high or alternatively remove constraints where they are preventing the business from pursuing opportunities. Assigning responsibility for risk management change process: It is important for the company to ensure that the daily operation of the business supports this strategy and that the staff understands the proposed changes. Re-sourcing: Risk management is the responsibility of all levels of management. Communication and training: Implementing a communication and training program is important to introduce the concept of risk management. Monitoring of risk management process: To ensure that risk responses gaps are filled and that the risk responses continue to operate effectively and remain appropriate in light of changing conditions. B. Identification of Various Risks of The Company While drafting this Risk management Policy, the primary risk exposures at the company X that are identified is provided below, which are inclusive but not exhaustive and it will be the responsibility of the Risk Management Committee to review these on a periodic basis. I. Market Risks It is the risk that the value of the company will be adversely affected by movements in market rates or prices, foreign exchange rates, national global fluctuations, credit spreads and/or commodity prices resulting in a loss to earnings and capital. The market risks identified at this chocolate company are as follows Government Policy risks Product Risks Environmental risks Volatility of export orders Price Competition in the local export market Currency fluctuation for export orders II. Operational Risks The operational risks identified at chocolate company are as follows Fire Allied Risks Machinery breakdown/ obsolescence Volatility of Raw material Packing material prices Quality/ Ageing risks of Raw material/ Packing material Delivery risk of Suppliers Loss of data information- IT security Manpower Availability risks Accidents Inventory carrying risk III. Reputation Risks These are risks arising from negative public opinion resulting from failures of process, strategy or corporate governance. The Reputation risks identified at this company are as follows Contamination-hygiene Product expiry/Shelf life Corporate Governance IV. Credit Risks Non receipt of receivables or delay in receipts is the credit risks attributable to the company. These may be identified as Payment risk from customers-local Payment risk from Customers- export Security from customers Advance to Suppliers V. Liquidity Risks The possibility is that the company will be unable to fund present and future financial obligations. These may be identified as Cash flow working capital management CAPEX decisions Cost overruns VI. Strategic Risks Risk those are arising from adverse business decisions or the improper implementation of such decisions. These may be identified as follows Business Plan forecasts. Attrition of key people. C. Risk Prioritizing and Impact Assessment Risk Prioritizing To adequately capture institutions risk exposure, risk measurement should represent aggregate exposure of the company to both risk type and business line and encompass short run as well as long run impact on it. To the maximum possible extent the company should establish systems / models that quantify their risk profile. However, in some risk categories, quantification is quite difficult and complex. Wherever it is not possible to quantify risks, qualitative measures should be adopted to capture those risks. The company should utilize a Risk Matrix to evaluate the level of risks which are identified in the Company. The Risk Matrix is formed by assessing the probability of the risk, the severity of the risk, and the quality of control that exists specific to those risks. Scoring is attributed for each the three parameters namely probability, severity and Internal control. The aggregate score is computed and ranking of the risks is ascertained. The probability of the impact occurring is arranged ranging from low to high. Scores assigned as 4 for High, 2 for medium and 1 for low. Severity of the Risk is assessed as High, Medium and low based on the experience and normal prudence. Scores assigned as 4 for High, 2 for medium and 1 for low. Quality of Internal control is also similarly categorized as high, medium and low. The scores assigned in the reverse order since the better the existing control the lower is the impact and vice-versa. So scores here can be assigned as 4 for Low, 2 for Medium and 1 for High. Aggregate Score was thereafter computed after adding the individual scores for each parameter. Companys Risk Matrix using the above method is shown in Annexure I ii. Impact Assessment The company being a medium scale manufacturing unit should focus on the manageable risks like Operational risks, Liquidity risks and Strategic risks. Market risks, Credit risks and Reputation risks though an integral part of risk management may not need detailed impact assessment at this stage unless the probability of such factors seem to be out of proportions in time to come. Impact assessment of the Operational risks, liquidity risks and strategic risks at the company termed herein as Manageable risks, can be assessed as follows Risk associated with any event has two components, loss severity and loss probability. Loss, in itself consists of expected and unexpected components. The unexpected loss component could be severe or catastrophic. Usually, expected losses are adjusted for in pricing or in reserve allocation. Unexpected losses require capital allocation. Given that operational risk, liquidity and strategic risk events are most often subject to internal control, any manageable risk system that passively measures these risks would clearly be inadequate. Once risk factors are identified as likely causes of the Risk losses, mitigating steps need to be initiated. While quantification would indicate risk magnitude and capital charges, it may not by itself suggest mitigating steps. This makes it advisable for the company to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to manageable Risk. The broad steps involved here would be: determine the types of operational losses that could occur identify the causal risk factors estimate the size and likelihood of losses Mitigate associated risks Qualitative Approaches Qualitative approaches involve Audits, Self-assessments Expert / collective judgment. Critical Self-Assessment: (CSA): This is one of the common qualitative bottom-up approaches where line managers of the company can critically analyze their business processes given specific scenarios to identify potential risks and gaps in their risk management processes. Tools like questionnaires, checklists and workshops are used to help the managers analyze the risk profile of their business units. The key idea behind this method is that businesses managers of this company are in the best position identify and manage the Operational Risks pertaining to their business units. Risk Audit Employing the services of external (or internal) auditors to review the business processes of a business unit is another approach. This process not only helps identify risks but also helps put in place the oversight organization for the manageable risks. Key Risk Indicators (KRI) Using the KRI approach the company can blend the qualitative and quantitative aspects of Operational Risk management. Factors that have predictive value and that can be easily measured with minimum time lag can serve as risk indicators. Some risk indicators inherently carry risk related information, for instance, indicators like sales volumes, order size, etc. Others are indirect indicators, for instance, production budgets, production lifecycle, performance appraisal etc. Key indicators are identified from several potential factors and are tracked over time. The predictive capabilities of the indicators are tested through regression analysis on historical loss data and indicator measurements. Based on such analysis, the set of indicators of the company being tracked can be modified suitably. Over time, as the model gets refined, the set of indicators can provide early warning signals for operational losses. D. Management of the risks Managing Market Risks: The chocolate company may be exposed to Market Risk in variety of ways as described earlier such as environmental issues, export orders, future contracts, Price competition, customer profile and marine transportation risks. Besides, market risk may also arise from activities categorized as off-balance sheet item. Government Policy Risks: Change in government policies, tax rates, introduction of new tax regimes, reduction or abolition of incentives etc carry risk to any entity in terms of its costing and pricing. In the short and medium term the company does not perceive any major risk in this segment, however the management has to be aware of any forthcoming changes that the government might envisage. Should there be any drastic change in Government policies that would affect its profitability especially in case of exports; the Company has contingency plans for producing at an alternative location outside Oman. Product Risks: Since the product is that of food item the company has to be 100% careful to maintain the product quality, product specification, pack sizes, contents in each pack etc. Producing lesser or poor quality products and not as per specification is a risk which company X needs to constantly be aware off. To mitigate such risks the company X should develop a well defined production policy develop a well defined Quality control and checks policy develop a well defined storage and Distribution policy Environmental risks: The company does not use and generate hazardous substances in its manufacturing operations. Hence the chances that the company may in future are subject to liabilities relating to the investigation and clean-up of contaminated areas is negligible. However the company should have a laid down policy of disposal of waste at pre-designed disposal points mainly for the rejected, expired and damaged items of raw materials, finished products and packing materials. Volatility of export orders: Some customers and sectors served by the company are directly dependent on general economic development, competition and frequent fluctuations in demand for their products. The prices for these products are, in part, dependent on the prevailing relationship between supply and demand. Possible price fluctuations are therefore apt to have a direct influence on each customers working capital management decisions, with subsequent influence on the customers Order Intake. This may lead to volatility in the development of Order Intake of the company. The company has a policy of geographically diversifying its customer base, as also expanding the customer base in each export market, so that transfer to less volatile locations can be made in short notice. Price Competition in the local export market: The Company does business in very competitive local and export markets. In spite of the competition the company has a 70% market share in the local market and its export business is expanding.Both these local and export markets in which it competes are highly fragmented, with a few large, international manufacturers competing against each other and against a high number of smaller, local companies. Sometimes new entrants or existing players suddenly lower their prices to get rid of the companys products. This has, in some cases, adversely impacted sales margins realized by certain of companys products. To mitigate this risk the company has taken the following steps: Maintaining complete information of its Competitors with respect to their latest technological developments, market strategies, new investments, management changes etc. Has developed emergency alternative plans to introduce different product ranges with minimal structural changes with similar or lower prices. Currency fluctuation for export orders:The Company exports its products to a large number of countries like Canada, USA, Australia, African countries, and the Middle East. Almost all export orders of the company are fixed in US dollars. Since Omani Rail is pegged with US Dollars, the fluctuation of the currencies in would have negligible impact on the export realizations at company X. Company X has a policy of booking export orders in terms of US dollars to avoid the risk of currency fluctuations. Managing Operational Risks: Being a chocolate manufacturing company, it deals with the retail market. The most important risks are those of Operational risks. Operational risk is associated with human error, system failures and inadequate procedures and controls. It is the risk of loss arising from the potential that inadequate information system; technology failures, breaches in internal controls, fraud, unforeseen catastrophes, or other operational problems may result in unexpected losses or reputation problems. Fire Allied risks: These are general risks applicable to almost all establishments. This includes Material damage to the companys property due to Fire lightning, Earthquake, Third party impact, Accidental damage, explosion, riot strike, storm tempest, burst pipes, Own Vehicle impact, malicious damage, and theft. The company should take necessary steps in mitigating such risks by taking â€Å"Property All Risks Insurance Policy† â€Å"Loss of profit insurance cover† Machinery breakdown/ obsolescence: This risk identified is a major risk element as the company has been established two decades earlier by using imported refurbished Plant and machinery. Though most of the machinery is in running condition as of now the chances of spare part obsolescence is quite high in a majority of such machines. The physical status and the possible mitigation for major machinery can be shown in ANNEXTURE II Volatility of Raw Material/ Packing Material prices: The Company faces a medium level risk in its Raw material Packing material prices. The main raw materials at are Sugar, Glucose, Milk Powder, vegetable fat, coconut, coco whey powders. The packing material required is Wrappers, Bags, Gift boxes, Gift Tins and cartoons. Other than a few packing materials almost all of the raw materials and packing materials are imported as shown below Quality risk Raw material Packing material: This is a medium sized risk and the company should take reasonable care to mitigate such risks. Since the majority of the raw materials and packing materials are imported by the company, the purchase committee should implementing a stringent policy of Should have a multiple suppliers from the same country or region. Should have proper Quality checks for each Consignment while receiving delivery. Should have a stringent penalty clause on variation of specifications in the agreements with suppliers. Delivery risk of Suppliers: This is major risk element at the company because of the fact that in most cases purchases are imported and made through Letter of Credits. Non Delivery or delayed delivery in such purchases may affect the performance of the company. The company is implementing proper penalty clauses in the purchase agreement for delayed and/ or non-delivery of the ordered items. Transporting risks: In case of local sales, the company transports the products mostly through its own personnel. The company therefore, takes a general Transit Insurance policy covering accidents and theft. Inventory carrying risk: Inventory Carrying risks are of three types: Storage risk Overstocking under stocking risk Expiry risk Storage risk The storage policies currently are The company can keeps the entire inventory in closed warehouses. Over-stocking Under-stocking: The company can maintain a good optimized production planning system in correlation with its sales plan so that it can have a optimum stocking policy. The current production plan is quite satisfactory and hence the risk is low to medium. But the company is mostly dependent on Export market, the volatility of export orders may lead to overstocking or under-stocking of inventory. Expiry risks: This risk is low to medium. Expiry risks of inventory can be mitigated by proper planning of Sales, Purchase, Production and Distribution. The Storekeeper needs to maintain up-to-date records. A system is being implemented to provide on-line information about the stock position i.e. the quantity in stock, Re-order period, Ordering level and the Expiry dates of each of the Raw material, packing material and finished stocks to the Sales, Production and Purchase department so that immediate action can be taken by the respective departments. Manpower Availability risks: There is a shortage of skilled manpower in Oman. This is however met with the expatriate staff employed mainly from the sub-continent. The company therefore faces a medium risk in terms of availability of skilled manpower. The company can met unskilled manpower availability with the local Omani population and also from expatriate staff. The gap of skilled labor availability is likely to increase and therefore the costs also increase. To mitigate such risks, the company can develop long term strategy to invest in higher capacity production machines so that the requirement of manpower is kept low. Accidents: The Company can face a chance of accidents at the factory, however the accident risks at the company is low, as it does not deal with hazardous material and the production processes are not complex. However the company may face risks from mechanical or electrical installations which cant be entirely ruled out. So the company needs to take the following steps: By providing ELCB (Electric Leakage Circuit Breakers) in all electrical circuits and ACBs for the main transformers By providing Hot masks to the manpower Having a good machinery breakdown policy Constant monitoring of the gas line leakages The company needs have a Manpower Accidents and Injury Policy to cover the possibility of injury or death of manpower within the factory premises. Managing Reputation Risks Reputation of the company may also get hamper in various situations some of which are Contamination-hygiene: Being in the Food sector the company should take utmost precaution to avoid any sort of contamination in its products which will reach to the general mass. The company should take precaution for the quality of the raw material and packing material that is required for the entire production process and the stocking procedure. The company can follow the following policy: Stringent Quality control checks of Raw materials and packing materials Stringent Quality checks of the entire production process Maintaining Hygiene standards of the Government of Oman both in production and stocking. Sample testing at each stage Have a third Party damage policy insurance coverage owing to contamination Product expiry/Shelf life risks: This is again a very vital risk to the company as it is in the Food sector. The Government of Oman is very stringent in its laws to avoid expired products to be sold to the general public. So the company should take utmost care to avoid this risk by providing a stringent Distribution policy of its finished products Checks and controls before distribution of products. Monitoring distributed products on a daily basis Attributing Responsibility to a Senior Personnel for the management Corporate Governance: Corporate Governance Policies and Procedures manual are already in place at the company. Hence the risk associated with it is low. The management has to ensure proper compliance of the policies already undertaken to avoid any risk of reputation arising out of non-compliance of corporate governance. Managing Credit Risks: Credibility Risk of Customers: The Company should develop a credit policy based on regions, volume and credibility ranking of the parties. Export: The Company exports to a wide range of countries. The contacts of customers are mainly through visits and through mail. It is initially very difficult to assess the credibility of the customers abroad. The risk element is therefore medium and high. The company should mitigate this risk in the following manner: The company should back up the export orders by Letter of Credit from the parties. In case L/C mode is not practicable, the company can ask for advance payments or Security deposit, or post dated cheques which will cover the entire order taken prior to effecting delivery of the goods. The company currently did not enter into any distribution agreement with any export party and deals with parties on a case to case basis The Company can set up a network of distributors for handling exports sales as far as practicable. The company can also set up more than one distributor; in each region/country, so that price advantage can be achieved through minimal risk. The company should select distributors with proven track record, and the distributorship agreement should be through a internationally binding legal contract. Local: Local sales are affected by the company mainly to retail customers like supermarkets and hypermarkets, small shops and to two distributors in the interior. The company should take the following steps: Sale to all hypermarkets and supermarkets where the volumes are above a certain limit are, as far as possible, affected by means of an annual contract with all modalities and terms and conditions clearly laid out. For single shop outlets, the company may face the risk of shop closing down and non-payment or delayed payment. To counter this company should maintain small stocks with such shops and should have a regular but frequent collection system. In case of distributors the company should have legally binding distribution agreements. Limit setting: An important element of credit risk management is to establish exposure limits for each single customer and distributors. The compan

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One day a man named Jim was working at as a herder. Jim was very smart but could not was stuck in the family business of herding sheep all day. Well, Jim had had enough. "I can do better than this." He said. "In fact, I think I will revolutionize the entire world." With that he dropped his shepherd's crook and set to work on something that would make the world a better place. After months of work in his shed behind the small house he lived in, he had finally done it. "AT LAST!!! I HAVE CREATED THE BEST THING EVER!!!" He proclaimed. "Now all I have to do is figure out how to power it." You see, he had to find a power source because he had constructed a central processing unit capable of quadrillions of operations per second and hold an almost infinite ammount of data from only sheep dung. Yes, sheep dung. Well Jim had racked his brain for hours trying to find out how to make it work until it finally came to him. "I know!! Potatoes generate a marginal ammount of electricity, all i have to do is plug this baby into about 1 million or so and i am set!" Jim went out into the fields and gathering one million and one potatoes(one for himself for dinner) and created the battery for the computer. Finally, after months of hard work Jim was ready to unleash the power of his dung made, potato powered computer. With a deep breath he flipped the power switch. A deep hum ocurred and Jim continued to watch, intent on what was going to happen. After what seemed like an eternity, the computer's crystal monitor came to life and the computer began booting. "A SUCESS!!!" Jim proclaimed as he jumped into the air. Yet, all was not for the best, upon booting up the operating system and moving the mouse about, Jim encountered it, the most feared thing in all of geekdom, yes, Jim had experienced the BLUE SCREEN OF DEATH!!! Jim tryed control-alt-delete but to no avail, he tried alt-f4 and alt-tabbing out of the screen but nothing worked. Upon closer inspection of the screen Jim noticed small print, he winced and could make out the letters: "W...I...N...D...O...W...S" "huh" jim said. "Windows?? I never made any windows...." But after reading the screen again he saw it, in plain type.

Of mice and men was written in a period when mentally disabled people were treated like outcasts Essay

Of mice and men was written in a period when mentally disabled people were treated like outcasts. They were treated like that simply because they were different. Mental people were thought to be almost like a different species. Black people were considered outcasts because they had different skin-colour to white people. Also women were treated like property that belonged to men. The novel was written during the Great Depression, where jobs and employment were scarce. The USA was quite a poor country back then. Lennie is considered an outcast because he is mentally disabled. Mentally disabled peopled in that time were treated badly. They were locked up and separated from the rest of society. This is known as segregation. They also use to be sterilised. This means that they weren’t allowed to have babies or reproduce. Those are all very horrible. However, lennie was not treated like any other mental people. This is because he has George to look after him, and many other mentally disabled people didn’t have anybody to care for them or to look after them. But Lennie had that someone, and it was George, so that is what’s different about Lennie. In the ranch, however, lennie was considered an outcast. We know this because lennie says to crooks, ‘Ever’body went †¦ slim, George and ever’body. George says I gotta stay here.’ This shows that Lennie is not allowed to go into town like the rest. He’s not considered good enough do anything with the lads. Lennie is not allowed to play games, such as horseshoe, with the others. ‘From outside came the clang of horseshoe†¦ only Lennie was in the barn.’ This shows that while the others played their games lennie was made to stay inside the barn. He is like an outsider or a refugee. Crooks is considered an outcast simply because he is black. In those days, black people were treated very badly. They were treated differently from white people. Black people were often never called by their first names. Crooks is considered an outcast on the ranch because he’s black and isn’t referred to his real name, it’s either ‘crooks’ or ‘nigger’. Crooks also has his pride ‘he is a proud and aloof man’. This means that crooks is not allowed inside the bunk house because he’s black. He’s allowed to play sports outside the bunk house, but not inside it, which is why he had a separate room. ‘I ain’t wanted in the bunk house †¦ cause I’m black.’ This shows the racial issue of how black men did not mix with whites. Crooks is being segregated in this way. That is also another reason why crooks is an outcast. Curley’s wife is presented as an outcast. This is because women in those times were treated as a piece of property by the men. They may have also been treated as a sex object by their husbands; there to cook, clean and have babies. In the ranch Curley’s wife is considered an outcast because she’s a woman. Also she is related to the boss. She is not allowed to play horseshoe or go into town or even talk to anyone. We know that when she was in the barn with lennie, ‘I get lonely†¦ you can talk to people, but I can’t talk to nobody but Curly’. This shows us that everyone else can talk with whom they like, but she can only talk to her husband. In conclusion, 1930’s America is presented as a racist country who thinks black should be separated in terms of class. It is presented as a country that thinks mentally disabled people should be separated from the rest of society. It was also a sexist country who treated women very badly. A very uncivilized country.

Operation Desert Storm - Gulf War Summary